2.02

The object is simple.

2.020

2.0201

Every statement about complexes can be analyzed into a statement about their constituent parts, and into those propositions which completely describe the complexes.

2.021

Objects form the substance of the world. Therefore they cannot be compound.

2.0211

If the world had no substance, then whether a proposition had sense would depend on whether another proposition was true.

2.0212

It would then be impossible to form a picture of the world (true or false).

2.022

It is clear that however different from the real one an imagined world may be, it must have something -- a form -- in common with the real world.

2.023

This fixed form consists of the objects.

2.0231

The substance of the world can only determine a form and not any material properties. For these are first presented by the propositions -- first formed by the configuration of the objects.

2.0232

Roughly speaking: objects are colorless.

2.0233

Two objects of the same logical form are -- apart from their external properties -- only differentiated from one another in that they are different.

2.02331

Either a thing has properties which no other has, and then one can distinguish it straight away from the others by a description and refer to it; or, on the other hand, there are several things which have the totality of their properties in common, and then it is quite impossible to point to any one of them.

For it a thing is not distinguished by anything, I cannot distinguish it -- for otherwise it would be distinguished.

2.024

Substance is what exists independently of what is the case.

2.025

It is form and content.

2.0251

Space, time and color (color ness) are forms of objects.

2.026

Only if there are objects can there be a fixed form of the world.

2.027

The fixed, the existent and the object are one.

2.0271

The object is the fixed, the existent; the configuration is the changing, the variable.

2.0272

The configuration of the objects forms the atomic fact.

2.03

In the atomic fact objects hang one in another, like the links of a chain.

2.031

In the atomic fact the objects are combined in a definite way.

2.032

The way in which objects hang together in the atomic fact is the structure of the atomic fact.

2.033

The form is the possibility of the structure.

2.034

The structure of the fact consists of the structures of the atomic facts.

2.04

The totality of existent atomic facts is the world.

2.05

The totality of existent atomic facts also determines which atomic facts do not exist.

2.06

The existence and non-existence of atomic facts is the reality.

(The existence of atomic facts we also call a positive fact, their non-existence a negative fact.)

2.061

Atomic facts are independent of one another.

2.062

From the existence of non-existence of an atomic fact we cannot infer the existence of non-existence of another.

2.063

The total reality is the world.

2.1

We make to ourselves pictures of facts.

2.11

The picture presents the facts in logical space, the existence and non-existence of atomic facts.

2.12

The picture is a model of reality.

2.13

To the objects correspond in the picture the elements of the picture.

2.131

The elements of the picture stand, in the picture, for the objects.

2.14

The picture consists in the fact that its elements are combined with one another in a definite way.

2.141

The picture is a fact.

2.15

That the elements of the picture are combined with one another in a definite way, represents that the things are so combined with one another.

This connection of the elements of the picture is called its structure, and the possibility of this structure is called the form of representation of the picture.

2.151

The form of representation is the possibility that the things are combined with one another as are the elements of the picture.

2.1511

Thus the picture is linked with reality; it reaches up to it.

2.172

The picture, however, cannot represent its form of representation; it shows it forth.

2.173

The picture represents its object from without (its standpoint is its form of representation), therefore the picture represents its object rightly or falsely.

2.174

But the picture cannot place itself outside of its form of representation.

2.18

What every picture, of whatever form, must have in common with reality in order to be able to represent it at all -- rightly or falsely -- is the logical form, that is, the form of reality.

2.181

If the form of representation is the logical form, then the picture is called a logical picture.

2.182

Every picture is also a logical picture. (On the other hand, for example, not every picture is spatial.)

2.19

The logical picture can depict the world.

2.2
The picture has the logical form of representation in common with what it pictures.

2.20

2.201

The picture depicts reality by representing a possibility of the existence and non-existence of atomic facts.

2.202

The picture represents a possible state of affairs in logical space.

2.203

The picture contains the possibility of the state of affairs which it represents.

2.21

The picture agrees with reality or not; it is right or wrong, true or false.

2.22

The picture represents what it represents, independently of its truth or falsehood, through the form of representation.

2.221

What the picture represents is its sense.

2.222

In the agreement or disagreement of its sense with reality, its truth or falsity consists.

2.223

In order to discover whether the picture is true or false we must compare it with reality.

2.224

It cannot be discovered from the picture alone whether it is true or false.

2.225

There is no picture which is a priori true.